Initial commit

solutions/18_iterators/iterators4.rs

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+// 3 possible solutions are presented.
+
+// With `for` loop and a mutable variable.
+fn factorial_for(num: u64) -> u64 {
+    let mut result = 1;
+
+    for x in 2..=num {
+        result *= x;
+    }
+
+    result
+}
+
+// Equivalent to `factorial_for` but shorter and without a `for` loop and
+// mutable variables.
+fn factorial_fold(num: u64) -> u64 {
+    // Case num==0: The iterator 2..=0 is empty
+    //              -> The initial value of `fold` is returned which is 1.
+    // Case num==1: The iterator 2..=1 is also empty
+    //              -> The initial value 1 is returned.
+    // Case num==2: The iterator 2..=2 contains one element
+    //              -> The initial value 1 is multiplied by 2 and the result
+    //                 is returned.
+    // Case num==3: The iterator 2..=3 contains 2 elements
+    //              -> 1 * 2 is calculated, then the result 2 is multiplied by
+    //                 the second element 3 so the result 6 is returned.
+    // And so on…
+    #[allow(clippy::unnecessary_fold)]
+    (2..=num).fold(1, |acc, x| acc * x)
+}
+
+// Equivalent to `factorial_fold` but with a built-in method that is suggested
+// by Clippy.
+fn factorial_product(num: u64) -> u64 {
+    (2..=num).product()
+}
+
+fn main() {
+    // You can optionally experiment here.
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn factorial_of_0() {
+        assert_eq!(factorial_for(0), 1);
+        assert_eq!(factorial_fold(0), 1);
+        assert_eq!(factorial_product(0), 1);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn factorial_of_1() {
+        assert_eq!(factorial_for(1), 1);
+        assert_eq!(factorial_fold(1), 1);
+        assert_eq!(factorial_product(1), 1);
+    }
+    #[test]
+    fn factorial_of_2() {
+        assert_eq!(factorial_for(2), 2);
+        assert_eq!(factorial_fold(2), 2);
+        assert_eq!(factorial_product(2), 2);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn factorial_of_4() {
+        assert_eq!(factorial_for(4), 24);
+        assert_eq!(factorial_fold(4), 24);
+        assert_eq!(factorial_product(4), 24);
+    }
+}